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36 Science

Science speaks globally. Research publications, grant proposals, and technical papers must communicate complex findings accurately across languages. Pauhu's Science domain handles scientific content from all disciplines.


Domain Coverage

The EuroVoc Science domain includes:

Sub-domain Examples
3606 Natural and applied sciences Physics, chemistry, biology, engineering
3611 Earth sciences Geology, meteorology, oceanography
3616 Life sciences Biotechnology, genetics, medicine
3621 Humanities History, philosophy, linguistics

Scientific Publications

Research Papers

from pauhu import Pauhu

client = Pauhu()

# Translate research paper
paper = client.translate(
    text="""
    Abstract

    We present a novel approach to quantum error correction
    using topological codes. Our method achieves a logical
    error rate of 10⁻⁶ per gate operation, representing a
    100-fold improvement over previous techniques.

    Keywords: quantum computing, error correction, topological codes
    """,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    subdomain="physics",
    style="scientific",
    options={
        "preserve_formulas": True,
        "scientific_notation": True
    }
)

Scientific Terminology

English Finnish Field
hypothesis hypoteesi Research
methodology metodologia Methods
peer review vertaisarviointi Publishing
reproducibility toistettavuus Validity
citation viittaus References

Life Sciences

Biomedical Research

# Translate biomedical content
biomedical = client.translate(
    text="""
    The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to introduce
    site-specific mutations in the BRCA1 gene.
    Transfected cells were selected using puromycin
    resistance and verified by Sanger sequencing.
    """,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    subdomain="life_sciences",
    specialization="molecular_biology"
)

Life Science Terms

English Finnish Field
gene expression geeniekspressio Genetics
cell culture soluviljelmä Cell biology
clinical trial kliininen tutkimus Medicine
biomarker biomarkkeri Diagnostics
protocol protokolla Methods

Natural Sciences

Physics & Chemistry

# Translate physics paper
physics = client.translate(
    text="""
    The Hamiltonian of the system is given by:
    H = -J Σᵢⱼ σᵢ·σⱼ

    where J is the exchange coupling constant and
    σᵢ represents the spin operator at site i.
    """,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    subdomain="physics",
    options={
        "preserve_equations": True,
        "latex_support": True
    }
)

Physics/Chemistry Terms

English Finnish Field
quantum mechanics kvanttimekaniikka Physics
spectroscopy spektroskopia Chemistry
thermodynamics termodynamiikka Physics
catalyst katalyytti Chemistry
electron elektroni Both

Earth Sciences

Environmental Research

# Translate earth science content
earth = client.translate(
    text="""
    Sediment cores from the Baltic Sea reveal
    hypoxic conditions dating back to the
    Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE).
    δ¹⁸O values indicate sea surface temperatures
    2-3°C higher than present.
    """,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    subdomain="earth_sciences",
    specialization="paleoclimate"
)

Earth Science Terms

English Finnish Field
sediment sedimentti Geology
isotope isotooppi Geochemistry
stratigraphy stratigrafia Geology
climate model ilmastomalli Climatology
remote sensing kaukokartoitus Observation

Humanities

Historical Research

# Translate humanities content
humanities = client.translate(
    text="""
    The archival sources reveal a complex network
    of trade relations between Hanseatic merchants
    and Finnish coastal communities in the 14th century.
    """,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    subdomain="humanities",
    specialization="history"
)

Humanities Terms

English Finnish Discipline
manuscript käsikirjoitus History
hermeneutics hermeneutiikka Philosophy
etymology etymologia Linguistics
archaeology arkeologia Anthropology
historiography historiografia History

Grant Applications

Research Funding

# Translate grant proposal
grant = client.translate(
    text="""
    PROJECT DESCRIPTION

    1. Background and significance
    2. Research objectives and hypotheses
    3. Methodology and work plan
    4. Expected outcomes and impact
    5. Budget justification

    Total funding requested: EUR 450,000 over 3 years
    """,
    target="en",
    domain="36 Science",
    document_type="grant_proposal",
    funder="EU_Horizon"
)

Grant Terminology

English Finnish Context
principal investigator (PI) tutkimuksen johtaja Leadership
work package (WP) työpaketti Structure
deliverable tulokset Outputs
milestone välitavoite Timeline
dissemination tulosten levittäminen Impact

Technical Standards

Scientific Standards

# Translate technical specification
standard = client.translate(
    text=technical_spec,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    document_type="technical_standard",
    standards=["ISO", "IEC"]
)

Standards Terminology

English Finnish Body
standard standardi ISO/IEC
specification määrittely Technical
certification sertifiointi Compliance
accreditation akkreditointi Quality
conformity vaatimustenmukaisuus Assessment

Quality Assurance

Scientific QA

Check What It Validates
Formula preservation Equations intact
Unit consistency SI units correct
Terminology accuracy Scientific terms
Citation format Reference style
Nomenclature IUPAC, gene names

Quality Report

result = client.translate(
    text=scientific_paper,
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science",
    quality_report=True
)

print(result.quality_report)
# {
#     "overall_score": 96,
#     "formula_preservation": 100,
#     "terminology_accuracy": 97,
#     "unit_handling": 98,
#     "citation_integrity": 95
# }

Finnish Research Context

Research Institutions

# Translate for Finnish research
research = client.translate(
    text=research_output,
    target="en",
    domain="36 Science",
    institution="academy_of_finland"
)

Finnish Research Bodies

Institution Finnish Focus
Academy of Finland Suomen Akatemia Funding
VTT VTT Applied research
Universities Yliopistot Basic research
LUKE Luonnonvarakeskus Natural resources
THL THL Health/welfare

Getting Started

Quick Start

from pauhu import Pauhu

client = Pauhu()

# Translate scientific content
result = client.translate(
    text="The results were statistically significant (p < 0.01).",
    target="fi",
    domain="36 Science"
)

print(result.translation)
# "Tulokset olivat tilastollisesti merkitseviä (p < 0,01)."

Research Project Setup

# Create research translation project
project = client.projects.create(
    name="Research Publication 2025",
    domain="36 Science",
    languages=["en", "fi"],
    settings={
        "preserve_formulas": True,
        "scientific_notation": True,
        "citation_style": "APA"
    }
)

Learn More