36 Science¶
Science speaks globally. Research publications, grant proposals, and technical papers must communicate complex findings accurately across languages. Pauhu's Science domain handles scientific content from all disciplines.
Domain Coverage¶
The EuroVoc Science domain includes:
| Sub-domain | Examples |
|---|---|
| 3606 Natural and applied sciences | Physics, chemistry, biology, engineering |
| 3611 Earth sciences | Geology, meteorology, oceanography |
| 3616 Life sciences | Biotechnology, genetics, medicine |
| 3621 Humanities | History, philosophy, linguistics |
Scientific Publications¶
Research Papers¶
from pauhu import Pauhu
client = Pauhu()
# Translate research paper
paper = client.translate(
text="""
Abstract
We present a novel approach to quantum error correction
using topological codes. Our method achieves a logical
error rate of 10⁻⁶ per gate operation, representing a
100-fold improvement over previous techniques.
Keywords: quantum computing, error correction, topological codes
""",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
subdomain="physics",
style="scientific",
options={
"preserve_formulas": True,
"scientific_notation": True
}
)
Scientific Terminology¶
| English | Finnish | Field |
|---|---|---|
| hypothesis | hypoteesi | Research |
| methodology | metodologia | Methods |
| peer review | vertaisarviointi | Publishing |
| reproducibility | toistettavuus | Validity |
| citation | viittaus | References |
Life Sciences¶
Biomedical Research¶
# Translate biomedical content
biomedical = client.translate(
text="""
The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to introduce
site-specific mutations in the BRCA1 gene.
Transfected cells were selected using puromycin
resistance and verified by Sanger sequencing.
""",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
subdomain="life_sciences",
specialization="molecular_biology"
)
Life Science Terms¶
| English | Finnish | Field |
|---|---|---|
| gene expression | geeniekspressio | Genetics |
| cell culture | soluviljelmä | Cell biology |
| clinical trial | kliininen tutkimus | Medicine |
| biomarker | biomarkkeri | Diagnostics |
| protocol | protokolla | Methods |
Natural Sciences¶
Physics & Chemistry¶
# Translate physics paper
physics = client.translate(
text="""
The Hamiltonian of the system is given by:
H = -J Σᵢⱼ σᵢ·σⱼ
where J is the exchange coupling constant and
σᵢ represents the spin operator at site i.
""",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
subdomain="physics",
options={
"preserve_equations": True,
"latex_support": True
}
)
Physics/Chemistry Terms¶
| English | Finnish | Field |
|---|---|---|
| quantum mechanics | kvanttimekaniikka | Physics |
| spectroscopy | spektroskopia | Chemistry |
| thermodynamics | termodynamiikka | Physics |
| catalyst | katalyytti | Chemistry |
| electron | elektroni | Both |
Earth Sciences¶
Environmental Research¶
# Translate earth science content
earth = client.translate(
text="""
Sediment cores from the Baltic Sea reveal
hypoxic conditions dating back to the
Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE).
δ¹⁸O values indicate sea surface temperatures
2-3°C higher than present.
""",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
subdomain="earth_sciences",
specialization="paleoclimate"
)
Earth Science Terms¶
| English | Finnish | Field |
|---|---|---|
| sediment | sedimentti | Geology |
| isotope | isotooppi | Geochemistry |
| stratigraphy | stratigrafia | Geology |
| climate model | ilmastomalli | Climatology |
| remote sensing | kaukokartoitus | Observation |
Humanities¶
Historical Research¶
# Translate humanities content
humanities = client.translate(
text="""
The archival sources reveal a complex network
of trade relations between Hanseatic merchants
and Finnish coastal communities in the 14th century.
""",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
subdomain="humanities",
specialization="history"
)
Humanities Terms¶
| English | Finnish | Discipline |
|---|---|---|
| manuscript | käsikirjoitus | History |
| hermeneutics | hermeneutiikka | Philosophy |
| etymology | etymologia | Linguistics |
| archaeology | arkeologia | Anthropology |
| historiography | historiografia | History |
Grant Applications¶
Research Funding¶
# Translate grant proposal
grant = client.translate(
text="""
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1. Background and significance
2. Research objectives and hypotheses
3. Methodology and work plan
4. Expected outcomes and impact
5. Budget justification
Total funding requested: EUR 450,000 over 3 years
""",
target="en",
domain="36 Science",
document_type="grant_proposal",
funder="EU_Horizon"
)
Grant Terminology¶
| English | Finnish | Context |
|---|---|---|
| principal investigator (PI) | tutkimuksen johtaja | Leadership |
| work package (WP) | työpaketti | Structure |
| deliverable | tulokset | Outputs |
| milestone | välitavoite | Timeline |
| dissemination | tulosten levittäminen | Impact |
Technical Standards¶
Scientific Standards¶
# Translate technical specification
standard = client.translate(
text=technical_spec,
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
document_type="technical_standard",
standards=["ISO", "IEC"]
)
Standards Terminology¶
| English | Finnish | Body |
|---|---|---|
| standard | standardi | ISO/IEC |
| specification | määrittely | Technical |
| certification | sertifiointi | Compliance |
| accreditation | akkreditointi | Quality |
| conformity | vaatimustenmukaisuus | Assessment |
Quality Assurance¶
Scientific QA¶
| Check | What It Validates |
|---|---|
| Formula preservation | Equations intact |
| Unit consistency | SI units correct |
| Terminology accuracy | Scientific terms |
| Citation format | Reference style |
| Nomenclature | IUPAC, gene names |
Quality Report¶
result = client.translate(
text=scientific_paper,
target="fi",
domain="36 Science",
quality_report=True
)
print(result.quality_report)
# {
# "overall_score": 96,
# "formula_preservation": 100,
# "terminology_accuracy": 97,
# "unit_handling": 98,
# "citation_integrity": 95
# }
Finnish Research Context¶
Research Institutions¶
# Translate for Finnish research
research = client.translate(
text=research_output,
target="en",
domain="36 Science",
institution="academy_of_finland"
)
Finnish Research Bodies¶
| Institution | Finnish | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Academy of Finland | Suomen Akatemia | Funding |
| VTT | VTT | Applied research |
| Universities | Yliopistot | Basic research |
| LUKE | Luonnonvarakeskus | Natural resources |
| THL | THL | Health/welfare |
Getting Started¶
Quick Start¶
from pauhu import Pauhu
client = Pauhu()
# Translate scientific content
result = client.translate(
text="The results were statistically significant (p < 0.01).",
target="fi",
domain="36 Science"
)
print(result.translation)
# "Tulokset olivat tilastollisesti merkitseviä (p < 0,01)."
Research Project Setup¶
# Create research translation project
project = client.projects.create(
name="Research Publication 2025",
domain="36 Science",
languages=["en", "fi"],
settings={
"preserve_formulas": True,
"scientific_notation": True,
"citation_style": "APA"
}
)
Learn More¶
-
Natural Sciences
Physics, chemistry, biology.
-
Life Sciences
Biomedical and biological research.
-
Earth Sciences
Geology, climate, environment.
-
Humanities
History, philosophy, linguistics.